Cause and Effect Reasoning

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Directions: Given below are pairs of events ‘A’ and ‘B’. You have to read both the events ‘A’ and ‘B’ and decide their nature of relationship. You have to assume that the information given in ‘A’ and ‘B’ is true and you will not assume anything beyond the given information in deciding the answer. Mark answer

1)    If ‘A’ is the effect and ‘B’ is its immediate and principal cause

2)    If ‘A’ is the immediate and principal cause and ‘B’ is its effect

3)    If ‘A’ is an effect but ‘B’ is not its immediate and principal cause

4)    If ‘B’ is an effect but ‘A’ is not its immediate and principal cause.

5)    None of these

1.    Event (A): The CBI has arrested the deputy director-general.

Event (B): He was alleged to have amassed a huge amount of assets through illegal and corrupt means.

2.    Event (A): India is lodging a strong protest with Pakistan for firing missiles at IAF helicopters.

Event (B): Pakistani troops were now targeting even IAF aircraft flying well within the Indian side of the international border.

3.    Event (A): In one of the worst train disasters 400 people were killed.

Event (B): People were going from Delhi to Assam.

4      Event (A): A village in Delhi has reported over 52 jaundice cases this season.

Event (B): At a number of places in the village, leakages in pipelines have resulted in accumulation of water around the pipes.

5.     Event (A): Doordarshan warned cable operators of stem action if they failed to show its channels on prime band for clearer reception.

Event (B): Doordarshan announced 24-hour telecast for programs from August 15.

6.     Event (A): The Delhi high court issued show cause notices to 86 public schools in the cap-ital.

Event (B): The educational institutions had violated court directives of not hiking fee beyond 40 per cent.

7.     Event (A): Manisha Mishra was preparing food in the kitchen.

Event (B): Anand, her husband, after coming from his office ran into the kitchen.

8.     Event (A): Mrs ‘A’ called Mr ‘B’ a traitor.

Event (B): Mrs ‘A’ made an apology.

9.     Event (A): If you are a habitual traffic rule breaker this won’t come as good news to you.

Event (B): The traffic department has enhanced the number of red lights manned by the police.

10.  Event (A): The police reached the spot and found all the three lying on the ground.

Event (B): A youth stabbed two sisters with a knife and then attempted to end his life.

11.  Event (A): It seems power problems are to stay.

Event (B): Many units of power plants are shut down for annual maintenance.

12.  Event (A): The good news is that Elizabeth’s coming.

Event (B): Censor board has lifted up the objections from Shekhar Kapoor’s film.

13.  Event (A): The government announced an in-crease in diesel prices by 40%.

Event (B): The Delhi Transport Corporation has revised the fares of the buses to double what it was.

14. Event (A): The price of Hyundai’s newly launched ACCENT is less than Maruti’s ES-TEEM.

Event (B): The market of Maruti’s ESTEEM has gone down.

15. Event (A): Economic reforms are far away.

Event (B): India has been suffering from political instability.

16. Event (A): Transporters have threatened to go on strike in protest against the hike in diesel prices.

Event (B): The talks between the government and agitating transporters have failed.

17. Event (A): Mr A will fight the election from Amethi parliamentary constituency.

Event (B): Mrs S has decided to retain Bellary parliamentary constituency.

18. Event (A): Pakistan banks began a push against defaulters.

Event (B): Pakistan’s new military ruler is encouraged by international reaction and understanding of what he was trying to do.

19. Event (A): A gay 14-year-old youth is expelled from a prestigious private school.

Event (B): The youth has announced he is in love with a schoolmate.

20. Event (A): The Duchess hinted in a newspaper that she would like to marry Andrew again.

Event (B): Britain’s prince Andrew has ruled out remarrying his ex-wife, the Duchess of York.

21. Event (A): A handful of women have man-aged to trans­form the living conditions near their homes.

     Event (B): The project, ‘Better Environment Campaign” was started by a group of retired defence officers’ wives in 1995.

22. Event (A): The national selectors have decided to retain the same 14 for the third and final test of the series against New Zealand.

Event (B): India has won the second test against New Zealand.

23.  Event (A): Since Rani’s own child had died at birth, she was desperate for another.

Event (B): Rani had quietly kidnapped the child, less than two days old, and shipped out of the hospital.

34.  Event (A): The number of rape cases is highest in Delhi in the country.

Event (B): Delhi has the highest degree of social isolation in the country.

25.  Event (A): The new government has ordered a major reshuffle in the top echelons of bureaucracy.

Event (B): Only two days before, the new coalition government took over.

26.  Event (A): The finance ministry has imposed additional taxation.

Event (B): The fiscal deficit of the country has been reduced.

27.  Event (A): The ministerial talks between India and Pakistan failed.

Event (B): Led by a strong believer in people-to-people contact, the Gandhian Nirmala Deshpande, a busload of Indian women spent a week in Pakistan.

28.  Event (A): The high-profile criminal was arrested and put behind bars.

Event (B): The cops made more than adequate security arrangements in jail.

29.  Event (A): A new TV channel has been launched with much fanfare.

Event (B): The govt has come up with a policy to put check on the proliferation of TV channels.

30.  Event (A): Actress X decided to play more serious roll in films.

Event (B): The last film of actress X, in which she played; a glamous girl, turned out to be a flop.

31.  Event (A): The migratory route of elephants in Area X has been blocked by construction of dams and other structures.

 Event (B): Elephants of Area X have turned into violent creatures — destroying crops and trampling people to death.

32. Event (A): Three-wheelers went on strike in protest against the hike in petrol prices.

Event (B): The talks between the government and the leaders of the three-wheelers’ union have failed.

33. Event (A): Party A was unhappy with the results of UP assembly by-elections where it lost all the seats.

Event (B): Party A has changed the chief Minister of UP.

34. Event (A): High Court has ordered to clean city X.

Event (B): More than 20 people died of cholera in city X.

35. Event (A): CBI has called Kapil Dev and Sidhu for interrogation.

Event (B): Kapil Dev and Sidhu have been charged in match-fixing.

36. Event (A): CBSE has declared the results of class XII.

Event (B): A boy committed suicide after seeing his bad results in class XII.

37. Event (A): There was a heavy rain for two days after a month of scorching heat in the capital.

Event (B): There will be a pleasant weather over the next 2-3 days.

38. Event (A): One MLA has been found to have assets, more than his income.

Event (B): The Chief Minister has ordered all the MLA to disclose their assets.

39. Event (A): AIIMS doctors are on strike from today.

Event (B): One patient died in AIIMS because no doctor was available for check-up.

40. Event (A): Two IPS officers have resigned in Maharashtra.

Event (B): IPS officers are not being given proper facilities in Maharashtra.

41.  Event (A): Curfew has been imposed in Kashmir for indefinite period.

Event (B): 45 people have been shot dead by the militants in Kashmir.

42.  Event (A): Fiji is facing political uncertainty.

Event (B): Fiji’s economy has been hit hard.

43.  Event (A): Used syringes, glucose and blood transfusion pipes were being reused.

Event (B): Supreme Court made it mandatory for hospitals to dispose of their medical waste.

44.  Event (A): Modem Food Industries Ltd. employees have moved the Delhi High Court to quash the sale of their company.

Event (B): The govt. has sold 74 per cent of Modern Food Industries Ltd. shares to Hin-dustan Lever for Rs. 106 crore.

45.  Event (A): In a committee it has been decided that unauthorised constructions will be demolished.

Event (B): The Court has questioned the Urban Development Minister for his order to demolish the unauthorise constructions.

46.  Event (A): Hansie Cronje has accepted that he had taken money for match-fixing.

Event (B): In an investigation, it was said that most of the Indian players have assets of crores.

47.  Event (A): The National Human Rights Com-mission has ordered Rs. 1 lakh interim com-pensation to be paid to the legal heirs of the deceased in Meerut.

Event (B): A few hawkers in Meerut were driven to commit suicide due to humiliation by the police.

48.  Event (A): The opposition are protesting against the government over the decision of withdrawal of subsidy on food and fertilisers.

Event (B): Govt has decided to withdraw subsidy on several items to reform the economy.